Having migraines with aura can be a daunting and disruptive experience, but the good news is that there are effective treatment options available. From medication to lifestyle changes, there are various ways to manage and reduce the frequency of migraines with aura. In this article, we will explore some of these treatment options and provide you with valuable insights on how to find relief from the discomfort and disruption caused by migraines with aura. So, whether you’re a migraine sufferer or someone looking to support a loved one, read on to discover the solutions that await you.
Medication
Triptans
Triptans are a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of migraines with aura. These medications work by constricting blood vessels in the brain and blocking pain pathways. They are typically taken at the onset of a migraine attack and can provide relief within a few hours. Triptans come in various forms, including tablets, nasal sprays, and injections. It is important to note that triptans should not be used by individuals with certain medical conditions, such as uncontrolled high blood pressure or a history of heart disease.
Ergots
Ergots are another class of medication that can be effective in treating migraines with aura. Like triptans, ergots work by constricting blood vessels and reducing inflammation in the brain. These medications are available in various forms, including tablets and nasal sprays. Ergots should be taken at the first sign of a migraine attack for maximum effectiveness. It is important to discuss the use of ergots with your healthcare provider, as they may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or those taking certain medications.
Analgesics
Analgesics, or pain relievers, can be used to alleviate the symptoms of migraines with aura. Over-the-counter analgesics such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can provide relief for mild to moderate migraine attacks. However, for more severe or frequent migraines, prescription-strength analgesics may be necessary. It is important to follow the recommended dosages and guidelines provided by your healthcare provider to avoid medication overuse or rebound headaches.
Beta blockers
Beta blockers, commonly used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions, can also be beneficial in the prevention of migraines with aura. These medications work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and stress hormones, which can trigger migraines. By reducing blood pressure and heart rate, beta blockers help to prevent the development of migraines. They are typically taken on a daily basis and may take several weeks to show their full effect. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider when starting beta blocker treatment, as they may require regular monitoring of your blood pressure and heart rate.
Antidepressants
Certain antidepressant medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been found to be effective in the prevention of migraines with aura. These medications work by altering the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to stabilize mood and reduce migraine frequency. Antidepressants are typically taken on a daily basis and may take several weeks to show their full effect. It is important to discuss the use of antidepressants with your healthcare provider, as they may have potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
Lifestyle changes
Identifying triggers
To effectively manage and prevent migraines with aura, it is important to identify and avoid triggers. Triggers can vary from person to person, but common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, certain foods or drinks, hormonal changes, and sensory stimuli such as bright lights or loud noises. Keeping a migraine diary can be helpful in identifying patterns and potential triggers for your migraines. By identifying and avoiding triggers, you can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of your migraines.
Maintaining a regular sleep pattern
Having a regular sleep pattern is essential for migraine management. Lack of sleep or irregular sleep patterns can trigger migraines in some individuals. It is important to establish a consistent sleep routine by going to bed and waking up at the same time each day. Additionally, creating a sleep-friendly environment by ensuring a dark, quiet, and comfortable space can promote better sleep and reduce the risk of migraines.
Managing stress
Stress is a common trigger for migraines with aura. Finding effective stress management techniques can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. Engaging in activities such as yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, and mindfulness can help to alleviate stress and promote relaxation. It is important to incorporate regular stress management techniques into your daily routine to effectively manage migraines.
Exercising regularly
Regular exercise has been found to be beneficial in the management of migraines with aura. Engaging in moderate aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week can help to decrease the frequency and intensity of migraines. Additionally, exercise promotes the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers and mood boosters. It is important to choose exercises that you enjoy and are suitable for your fitness level. However, it is advisable to consult with your healthcare provider before starting a new exercise regimen.
Eating a healthy diet
Adopting a healthy diet can play a significant role in managing migraines with aura. It is important to maintain a balanced diet that includes whole foods, lean proteins, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats. Certain foods and drinks, such as caffeine, alcohol, processed meats, aged cheeses, and foods containing artificial additives or preservatives, can trigger migraines in some individuals. Keeping a food diary can help identify potential trigger foods. Additionally, staying hydrated and avoiding skipping meals can also help in managing migraines.
Alternative therapies
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese therapy that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body. It is believed to help restore the flow of energy, known as Qi, and promote overall health and well-being. Acupuncture has been found to be effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of migraines with aura. It is a safe and non-invasive therapy that can be used in conjunction with other migraine treatments.
Biofeedback
Biofeedback is a technique that uses electronic devices to measure and provide information about physiological processes in the body. By learning to control these processes, individuals can effectively manage symptoms such as pain and stress. Biofeedback has been found to be beneficial in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines with aura. It involves the use of sensors and monitors to provide real-time feedback on body functions such as heart rate, muscle tension, and skin temperature. With practice, individuals can learn to self-regulate these processes and reduce the occurrence of migraines.
Herbal supplements
Certain herbal supplements have been used for centuries as alternative treatments for migraines with aura. Butterbur, feverfew, and magnesium are among the most commonly used herbal supplements for migraine management. These supplements have shown promise in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines, although more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and safety. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any herbal supplements, as they may have potential interactions with other medications.
Massage therapy
Massage therapy can be a beneficial complementary treatment for migraines with aura. It involves the manipulation of soft tissues in the body to promote relaxation, relieve muscle tension, and reduce stress. Regular massage therapy sessions have been found to decrease the frequency and intensity of migraines. It is important to seek out a licensed and experienced massage therapist who is familiar with migraine management techniques.
Yoga and meditation
Yoga and meditation practices have been used for centuries to promote physical and mental well-being. These mind-body practices can be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines with aura. Yoga combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation to promote relaxation and reduce stress. Meditation involves focusing attention and eliminating the stream of thoughts to achieve a state of calm and clarity. Incorporating regular yoga and meditation sessions into your routine can help to manage migraines and improve overall quality of life.
Migraine diary
Tracking migraine episodes
Keeping a migraine diary can be a valuable tool in understanding and managing migraines with aura. A migraine diary involves recording detailed information about each migraine episode, including the date, time of onset, duration, symptoms experienced, severity, potential triggers, and any treatment methods used. By tracking these factors, patterns and triggers can be identified, and treatment effectiveness can be evaluated.
Identifying triggers
One of the main purposes of a migraine diary is to identify potential triggers for migraines. By noting the circumstances surrounding each migraine episode, such as activities, foods consumed, stress levels, sleep patterns, and weather conditions, patterns may emerge that can help identify triggers. For example, if a migraine consistently occurs after consuming certain foods or during times of high stress, these can be considered potential triggers. Identifying triggers can help you make lifestyle changes and avoid circumstances that may precipitate migraines.
Monitoring treatment effectiveness
In addition to tracking migraine episodes and identifying triggers, a migraine diary can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of different treatment methods. By recording which medications or alternative therapies are used for each migraine episode and the subsequent outcome, you can determine which treatments are most effective for you. This information can be shared with your healthcare provider to help guide future treatment decisions and adjustments.
Relaxation techniques
Deep breathing exercises
Deep breathing exercises are a simple yet powerful relaxation technique that can help to alleviate stress and reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines with aura. By consciously focusing on slow, deep breaths, you can activate the body’s relaxation response and calm the nervous system. Find a quiet, comfortable place to sit or lie down, close your eyes, and take slow, deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. Imagine breathing in relaxation and breathing out tension. Practice deep breathing exercises regularly, especially during times of stress or when you feel a migraine coming on.
Progressive muscle relaxation
Progressive muscle relaxation is a technique that involves systematically tensing and then relaxing specific muscle groups to promote deep relaxation. By releasing muscle tension, you can reduce the physical symptoms associated with migraines and induce a state of calm. Start by finding a quiet, comfortable space and sitting or lying down. Begin with your toes and progressively work your way up through different muscle groups, tensing each group for a few seconds and then releasing the tension. Focus on the feeling of relaxation in each muscle group as you go. This technique can be used as needed to manage migraines or as part of a regular relaxation practice.
Guided imagery
Guided imagery involves using mental images and visualizations to promote relaxation and reduce stress. It can be a helpful technique for managing migraines with aura, as it allows you to focus your mind on positive and calming images, distracting from the pain and discomfort of a migraine. Find a quiet space, close your eyes, and imagine yourself in a peaceful and serene environment. Engage all your senses by visualizing the scenery, hearing the sounds, and feeling the sensations in this imaginary place. Practice guided imagery regularly to cultivate a sense of relaxation and reduce the frequency of migraines.
Meditation
Meditation is a practice that involves focusing attention and eliminating the stream of thoughts to achieve a state of calm and clarity. Regular meditation can help to reduce stress, promote relaxation, and improve overall well-being. There are various forms of meditation, such as mindfulness meditation, loving-kindness meditation, and transcendental meditation. Find a meditation style that resonates with you and incorporate it into your daily routine to effectively manage migraines with aura. Meditation can be practiced for as little as a few minutes a day and gradually increased over time.
Avoiding triggers
Bright lights and loud noises
Bright lights and loud noises are common triggers for migraines with aura. It is important to minimize exposure to these stimuli to prevent the onset of migraines. Avoiding bright lights, especially fluorescent lighting or flickering lights, can be helpful. Wearing sunglasses or using tinted lenses when necessary can also reduce the impact of bright lights. Similarly, reducing exposure to loud noises, such as loud music or noisy environments, can help prevent migraines. If you are in a situation where you cannot avoid bright lights or loud noises, taking breaks in a quiet, dimly lit space can help mitigate their effects.
Strong smells
Certain strong smells, such as perfumes, chemicals, and strong cleaning products, can trigger migraines with aura in some individuals. It is important to be mindful of your exposure to these smells and try to avoid them whenever possible. If you are sensitive to strong smells, consider using fragrance-free or naturally scented products. When out in public, try to maintain some distance from individuals wearing strong perfumes or colognes. Keeping windows open for fresh air circulation and using air purifiers in your home can also help minimize exposure to triggering smells.
Certain foods
Certain foods and drinks have been known to trigger migraines with aura in some individuals. It is important to identify and avoid these trigger foods to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. Common food triggers include chocolate, cheese, processed meats, caffeine, alcohol, and foods containing additives or preservatives. Keeping a food diary can help track which foods may be associated with migraines. If you suspect a specific food may be triggering your migraines, consider eliminating it from your diet for a period of time to see if there is a reduction in migraines.
Hormonal changes
Hormonal changes, particularly in women, can be a trigger for migraines with aura. Fluctuations in estrogen levels, such as those that occur during menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or menopause, can trigger migraines. It is important to be aware of these hormonal changes and take steps to manage and prevent migraines during these times. Some strategies that may be helpful include maintaining a regular sleep pattern, managing stress, avoiding trigger foods, and discussing hormone therapy options with your healthcare provider.
Weather changes
Changes in weather conditions, such as shifts in barometric pressure, temperature, or humidity, can trigger migraines with aura in some individuals. While it may not be possible to control the weather, being aware of these triggers can help you take preventive measures. For example, wearing sunglasses and a hat when outside in bright, sunny weather or using a humidifier or dehumidifier to maintain a stable indoor environment can be beneficial. Being prepared and having migraine medication on hand during times of weather changes can also help manage migraines effectively.
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Identifying and challenging negative thoughts
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy that focuses on identifying and challenging negative thoughts and behaviors to promote psychological well-being. In the context of migraines with aura, CBT can be effective in reducing the impact of negative thinking patterns on migraine frequency and severity. By recognizing and challenging negative thoughts related to migraines, such as catastrophizing or focusing on the worst-case scenario, individuals can develop more positive and adaptive coping strategies.
Learning stress management techniques
Stress is a common trigger for migraines with aura, and learning effective stress management techniques can help reduce their frequency and intensity. In CBT, individuals learn various stress management techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and cognitive restructuring. These techniques help individuals develop a toolbox of coping strategies to manage stress more effectively. By addressing and managing stress, individuals can significantly reduce the occurrence of migraines.
Developing coping strategies
CBT can also help individuals develop adaptive coping strategies to manage migraines with aura. By identifying triggers, creating a plan for how to manage the early signs of a migraine, and implementing self-care techniques, individuals can reduce the impact and duration of migraines. CBT empowers individuals to take an active role in their migraine management by providing them with the necessary skills and tools to cope with migraines in a positive and proactive manner.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Non-invasive procedure
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. It is a relatively safe and well-tolerated treatment option for migraines with aura. During a TMS session, a coil is placed on the scalp, and magnetic pulses are delivered to targeted areas of the brain. These pulses help to modulate the abnormal brain activity associated with migraines and reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. TMS can be used as a preventive treatment option for individuals who have not responded to other medications or therapies.
Stimulates nerve cells in the brain
The primary mechanism of action of transcranial magnetic stimulation is the stimulation of nerve cells in the brain. By applying magnetic pulses to specific regions of the brain, TMS can modulate the abnormal electrical activity associated with migraines. The exact way in which TMS works to alleviate migraines is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the normalization of neural pathways and the modulation of neurotransmitter levels. TMS is administered by healthcare professionals trained in the procedure and can be customized to target specific areas of the brain based on individual needs.
Reduces migraine frequency and severity
Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been found to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines with aura in some individuals. Clinical studies have shown that TMS can significantly decrease the number of migraine days per month and reduce the intensity of migraines. The effects of TMS may take several weeks of regular treatment sessions to become noticeable. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider experienced in TMS to determine if this treatment option is suitable for you and to develop an individualized treatment plan.
Botox injections
Administered every 12 weeks
Botox injections have emerged as an effective preventive treatment option for migraines with aura. Botox is a neurotoxin that temporarily paralyzes muscles, preventing them from contracting and causing migraines. Botox injections for migraines are administered every 12 weeks by a healthcare professional. The treatment involves several injections into specific muscle groups in the head and neck region. It can take a few treatment cycles for the full effects of Botox to be realized, and the injections need to be repeated regularly to maintain the desired result.
Blocks nerve signals that trigger migraines
Botox injections work by blocking the nerve signals that trigger migraines with aura. By paralyzing specific muscles in the head and neck, Botox prevents the release of chemicals that transmit pain signals to the brain. This interruption of nerve signals reduces the frequency, duration, and intensity of migraines. Botox injections are typically well-tolerated, although some individuals may experience temporary muscle weakness or other side effects. It is important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of Botox injections with your healthcare provider before considering this treatment option.
Reduces headache days
One of the primary benefits of Botox injections for migraines with aura is the reduction in headache days. Clinical studies have shown that Botox injections can significantly decrease the number of headache days per month, providing relief for individuals who experience frequent migraines. The exact way in which Botox works to reduce migraines is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the inhibition of pain signals and the relaxation of muscles in the head and neck. It is important to note that Botox injections may not be suitable for everyone and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Preventive medications
Antiepileptic drugs
Antiepileptic drugs, also known as anticonvulsant medications, have been found to be effective in the prevention of migraines with aura. These medications work by stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can help to reduce the occurrence of migraines. Some commonly used antiepileptic drugs for migraine prevention include topiramate, valproate, and gabapentin. These medications are typically taken on a daily basis, and it may take several weeks to months to see their full effect. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider when starting antiepileptic medications, as they may require regular monitoring of your liver function and other potential side effects.
Calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions. They have also been found to be effective in the prevention of migraines with aura. Calcium channel blockers work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing the narrowing of blood vessels in the brain, which can contribute to migraines. Some commonly used calcium channel blockers for migraine prevention include verapamil and flunarizine. These medications are typically taken on a daily basis and may require regular monitoring of blood pressure and other potential side effects.
Antidepressants
Certain classes of antidepressant medications have been shown to be effective in the prevention of migraines with aura. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine, have been found to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. These medications work by altering the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to stabilize mood and reduce migraine occurrence. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider when starting antidepressant medications, as they may have potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
Botox injections
As mentioned earlier, Botox injections are not only used as an acute treatment for migraines but also as a preventive measure. Botox injections administered every 12 weeks can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines with aura. The temporary paralysis of specific muscles in the head and neck prevents the triggering of migraines and provides relief for individuals who experience frequent migraines. Botox injections for migraine prevention should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine if this treatment option is suitable and to develop a personalized treatment plan.
CGRP inhibitors
CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) inhibitors are a newer class of medications specifically developed for the prevention of migraines with or without aura. CGRP is a neuropeptide that is believed to play a key role in the development of migraines. CGRP inhibitors work by blocking the action of CGRP, thereby reducing inflammation and preventing the onset of migraines. These medications are typically administered as self-injections, either monthly or quarterly, depending on the specific medication. CGRP inhibitors have shown promising results in clinical trials and are available by prescription. It is important to discuss the use of CGRP inhibitors with your healthcare provider to determine if they are a suitable option for you and to discuss potential side effects and interactions.
